Should We Ratify The Constitution - 811 Words

Right now a debate is occurring about whether or not we should ratify the Constitution. This is an important moment in our countries history.It is important to our countries history because if we ratify the Constitution the Executive branch would have all of the power. If we didn t ratify the Constitution the states would have power. The proposed Constitution would give the Executive branch the right to tax the American citizens and the states wouldn t be able to say no to it. My position is an Anti-Federalist. One reason we should not ratify the Constitution is because the Executive branch would be able to tax citizen and the states wouldn t be able to say no.Amos Singletary stated that Congress wouldn t lay taxes directly but they will still collect all the money they want. They tell us Congress won t lay direct taxes upon us, but collect all the money they want by impost.This means that Congress is going to tax the people in other way then directly and they can tax the people with as much money as they want. That means that many people are going to go into debt because they don t have enough money to pay them. Singletary also says, Congress expects to be in a higher class of the Constitution and get all of the money and power. They expect to be the managers of this Constitution, and get all the power and all the money into their own hands.This means that Congress is going to receive all of the money that is supposed to get our country out of debt and use it forShow MoreRelatedWhy Should Ratify The Constitution803 Words   |  4 Pagesis accruing about weather or not we should ratify the constitution. This is an important moment in our country history because if we ratify the constitution it could make our country better or make it worse.We are at a crossroads in the history of our country. The Articles of Confederation are not working. They give the states too much power and are too weak. We can not pay our debts as a nation.The proposed Constitution would give us a strong government so that we can rise money through taxes. ItRead Morecompany law Essay1659 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿QUESTION 1 Issue: the issue about company’s constitution and whether the loan contract between ABC bank and Sambal Pty Ltd is invalid. State the law: Section 140 of the corporations act states that: â€Å"A company’s constitution (if any) and any replaceable rules that apple to the company have effect as a contract: (a) Between the company and each member; and (b) Between the company and each director and company secretary; and (c) Between a member and each other member; Apply the law: AccordingRead MoreHow Democratic Is The American Constitution Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesis the American Constitution? is how effective the Constitution is at promoting the ideals of a democracy. For Dahl, there are several issues surrounding the Constitution, from its drafting, to its ideology, to its relevance. By analyzing Dahl’s critiques of the Constitution in terms of the parallels that exist between factions and the two-party system, the issue of unequal representation, and the necessity for the Framers to compromise on their ideals to ratify the Constitution, Dahl defined aRead MoreRights and Freedoms766 Words   |  4 Pageslike if we as American citizens did not have any rights or freedoms? Thankfully we will never have to worry about thanks in regards to our founding fathers and the Bill of Rights. In this essay I will discuss which freedom in the First Amendment to the Constitution is most relevant to me personally. I will also analyze and discuss the signi ficance of the Bill of Rights and subsequent notable amendments to the U.S. democracy. Finally, I will discuss the process for amending the Constitution and giveRead MoreConstitutional Amendment Essay1170 Words   |  5 PagesTo amend the constitution, various steps and procedures must be taken. When either Congress (which takes a two-thirds majority vote in both the Senate and the House of Representatives), or a constitutional convention (which takes two-thirds of the State legislatures) want to propose an amendment, they give it to the National Archives and Records Administration. The Congress proposes the amendment as a joint resolution to the National Archives and Records Administrations Office of the Federal RegisterRead MoreThe Constitutional Theory Of The Constitution1735 Words   |  7 Pagesfocuses on the underpinnings of a constitutional government. It goes into the foundations of the Constitution and focuses on the meaning of it as well. It is a way to try and justify the rights and laws that the founders set down for us to interpret and to follow within the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. Amidst the completion of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, when it had come time to ratify it, there was a general divide amongst the framers and the people. It seemed to split into two groups;Read MoreThe Rights We Now Have Because Of Our Forefathers1505 Words   |  7 Pages Historical Essay #1 The Rights we now have because of our Forefathers Stephanie Polanco DeVry University Abstract Decades of research had defined what our forefathers produced for our future. They instilled rights, laws and power to those who need it and to those who can enforce it. As democracy is compared and analyzed we see how our past educated our future. As a need for separation for our freedom our ancestors started with the Articles of confederation. Although it wasn’t strongRead MoreRatification of Constitution Essay869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Constitution has been operative since 1789 after the ratification of nine states (American Vision and Values, Page 52). Today many question the relevancy of a document 222 years old to our society. The Founders created a governmental framework, defining three branches and giving powers to the government and others to the states. It also guarantees the rights of the people. It took two and one-half years for the 13 colonies to ratify the Constitution. This ratification period was one of greatRead MoreShould The Constitution Be Ratified For The Future?978 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout American history the constitution has been the framework for democracy. Written in 1787, the constitution was a great conception for the thirteen colonies. Now two-hundred and twenty-eight years later the United States is not a county of freedom fighting European-Americans. In this diverse and modern society concerns have come to surface as to whether the constitution should be ratified for the future to come. Ratifying the constitution sounds like a good notion, but is nearly impossibleRead MoreAp Gov Unit 31006 Words   |  5 PagesWhat important purposes are served by the right to amend the Constitution guaranteed by Article V? Evaluate James Madison’s claim in Federalist 43 that the Constitution â€Å"guards equally against the extreme facility which would render the Constitution too mutable, and that extreme difficulty which might perpetuate its discovered faults.† Some critics of the amending process contend that amendments, once proposed, should be submitted to popular vote, bypassing state legislatures. Do you agree or disagree

Guantanamo Bay Military Maximum Security Prison - 899 Words

Guantanamo Bay is a U.S. Military maximum security prison that is considered a detainee camp for unlawful enemy combatants. Guantanamo has become a worldwide focal point because of the reports of abuse, torture and the prolonged trials for detainees and its closure and release of its detainees has been called for by many. World leaders, media outlets and humanitarian organizations have requested the closure and release of these detention facilities and their detainees, but it remains vital that these detainees are tried and receive fair punishment for their acts of terrorism. In 2002, the Bush administration adopted the already established Guantanamo Bay Naval Base to detain suspected terrorist from Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and members of other terrorist organizations during the Global War on Terrorism. In 2002, the first 20 detainees arrived at Guantanamo Bay and they were considered â€Å"Unlawful Enemy Combatants† and not â€Å"Prisoners of War† because they did not fall under the Geneva Conventions. An estimated 779 detainees have been held at Guantanamo Bay and an around 140 remain. Acts of terror and their influence are currently being seen in the Middle East through The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). They are also present during â€Å"The Global War on Terrorism† in Afghanistan and it involves the Taliban and Al-Qaeda. They have no limits and they have reached our streets. An example is: Jose Padilla, and American citizen, was taken into military custody atShow MoreRelatedEssay Human Rights Violations in the War on Terrorism1036 Words   |  5 Pages11th terrorist attacks in which at least 3,000 people were killed, the United States has pursued policies that violate human rights in order to wage the war on terrorism. These policies include the adoption of new security measures, the poor treatment of captured fighters at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba, and the willingness of the Bush administration to overlook human rights violations in other countries in return for their support in the war on terrorism. When the enemy is faceless, as itRead MoreMotivation To Cooperate, Deceive, Or Provide Misinformation?1457 Words   |  6 Pagescommunity experts find themselves disbursed with information that does not address National Security issues. The act of deceiving, misleading, or lack of cooperation caused by a person(s) of interest impacts the work of trained professional, with the sole purpose of gathering information for the sake of National Security . During information gathering, for the benefit of situational awareness and national security intelligence experts within the Intelligence Community (IC) assume the responsibility inRead MoreBarack Obamas First Two Years as President2172 Words   |  9 PagesThere is an innumerable amount of ways someone can measure Obama’s first two years in office to try to define whether his presidency has been a success or failure. Issues relating the economy, domestic policy, and national security and foreign policy are the major topics in wh ich many of those controversial issues lie. The easiest ways to determine whether or not Obama has been successful, is to look at his accomplishments as President, look at the principle promises he made regarding those issues

Spreadsheet and Toppings Worksheet Free Essays

Inventory Summary Project Description: In this Mastery project, you will edit a worksheet that summarizes the inventory status at the Petaluma production facility. Instructions: For the purpose of grading the project you are required to perform the following tasks: Step| Instructions| Points Possible| 1| Start Excel. Open the downloaded Excel workbook named GO_e02_Grader_EOC. We will write a custom essay sample on Spreadsheet and Toppings Worksheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now xlsx. | 0| 2| Rename the Sheet1 worksheet tab to Condiments and then display the Toppings worksheet. 4| 3| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell B4, insert a function that will total the Quantity in Stock data (A15:A29). | 5| 4| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell B5, insert a function that will calculate the average retail price of the available toppings (D15:D29). | 5| 5| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell B6, insert a function that will calculate the median retail price of the available toppings (D15:D29). | 5| 6| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell B7, insert a function that will calculate the lowest retail price of the available toppings (D15:D29). 5| 7| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell B8, insert a function that will calculate the highest retail price of the available toppings (D15:D29). | 5| 8| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell B10, insert a function that will count the total number of salsa products available. | 5| 9| On the Toppings worksheet, in cell G15, insert a function that will display the text Order if the value in the Quantity in Stock column is less than 50. Otherwise, the function will display the text OK. Copy the function in cell G15 to the range G16:G29. 8| 10| On the Toppings worksheet, apply conditional formatting to the range G15:G29 so that cells containing the text Order are formatted as Bold Italic, with a font color of Aqu a, Accent 1 (under Theme Colors). | 8| 11| On the Toppings worksheet, display orange data bars with a gradient fill in all cells in the range A15:A29. | 8| 12| On the Toppings worksheet, create an Excel table using the range A14:G29, which includes headers. Format the table as Table Style Light 9. Sort the Item # column from smallest to largest. | 4| 13| Filter the Category column so that only salsa products are displayed. Insert a total row, and then sum the Quantity in Stock column to display the number of salsa products in stock. Record the result in cell B11. | 4| 14| Clear the filter from the Category column. Remove the total row from the table. | 12| 15| Modify the Toppings worksheet so that row 14 prints at the top of each page. | 4| 16| Group together the Condiments and Toppings worksheets. Center the worksheets horizontally on the page, and then change the scaling of the worksheets so that the width of the contents fits on one page. 4| 17| On the Summary worksheet, in cell C9, insert a linking formula that will refer to the value from cell B8 on the Toppings worksheet. | 5| 18| On the Summary worksheet, in cell D9, insert Column sparklines using the values B9:C9. | 6| 19| On the Summary worksheet, in cell D9, apply Style Accent 5, Darker 50% to the sparklines. | 3| 20| Ensure that the worksheets are correctly named and placed in the following order in the workbook: Summary, Condiments, Toppings. Save the workbook. Close the workbook and then exit Excel. Submit the workbook as directed. | 0| | Total Points| 100| How to cite Spreadsheet and Toppings Worksheet, Papers

Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension theory Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Hofstedes Cultural Dimension theory. Answer: Introduction Culture is basically a way of expressing the daily life leading process through which a group of people can be known effectively. It can be said that a particular culture is an identification of a group of people. Their way of living, communication process, hobbies, choices, musical interest, arts etc. are known perfectly if the culture is studied accordingly. It is obvious that a culture of a particular group signifies the activities of that group. The main benefit of maintaining a particular culture is that it creates unity amongst. Unity actually helps individual to create a perfect behavior through which people become presentable to other societies or in front of other cultures. Culture is relative and is learnt from one another. That is the reason there is no subject which specifies the cultural part of the society. It is the responsibilities of the parents or the elders in the society to make others understand about the cultures. It is to say that cultures change overtime while other cultures make individuals affected. It means while the people of a particular culture get interest with other cultures then the culture starts to change its ethics and behaviors. Cultural Awareness is the foundation to communicate and it also engages the ability to stand back and becoming aware of the cultures. It actually helps individuals to understand about the values, perception and beliefs. Understanding the difference in culture Understanding the difference in culture actually means the difference in food, clothes, religion, communication, language etc. The people of different culture have difference in their way of living and their approaches. There are various food items in different cultures. In china, people mostly favors noodles and soup on the other hand American people favors burgers and the people of Italy pizzas. Therefore, the differences in culture is well understood (Ji, 2010). The cultural differences can also be determined by certain factors such as education, personal backgrounds as well as ethnicity. Based on education, different countries in the world have different education qualifications. For example, the developed countries like US, UK and some Asian nations have high level of educational background (Gonzalez, 2014). Education decides the field of culture in many ways. It can be said education is the key aspect through which culture can be learnt. The dressing sense as in clothes of the people of different countries can affect the culture in an effective way. The western countries are very open minded and there are varieties in dresses. People of the western countries have varieties of choice in the field of choosing dresses. In this case the people from the eastern part of the world are very sensible with their dresses. In the eastern cultures there are many ethics in the field. Religious beliefs and nature of friendship is totally different in this particular region. People of this part of the country are very much conscious and emotional about their cultures. In the western culture there are no such ethics in the culture. The people are conscious about their culture but they are not so emotional. The religious part in this culture is not that much applicable. They accept every kind of ethics, they can make themselves managed in different situation. It happens just because of the open minded mentality and fearless activities. There is one aspect of culture which is applicable for both sides of the world. That is importance of time (Holmes, 2015). Importance of time can make a person punctual. The person will be able to create a perfect own personality. This is the most crucial aspect of culture that it helps people to know about the importance of time. Examples of cultural difference There are many cultural differences those are spreader across the world. It can be said that the differences itself have created a barrier among different cultural. This is the bad side of the differences but the good side of the differences is that it helps individual to understand about different cultures. Some of the examples of different cultures are given below (Adolfsson, 2014), Shaking head: This is a way to express or this is the way to reply back. In different cultures the meaning of shaking head is different. Shaking the head in side to side is no in most of the countries but in Bulgaria it means yes. Laughing: It is another way to express feeling depending on different moods and situations. In most of the countries laughing carries the symbol of happiness or it can be said that people laugh just to express that they are happy but in Japan, laughing means to be in confusing situation or to be in embarrassment. Thumb/forefinger: In England combining the thumb finger and forefinger means ok . But in France it means nothing or without any value. There are more different examples of culture among them these signs just carry a particular part of the culture. Although signs are very important part of the culture (Gonza?lez de Leo?n, 2009). Benefits of cultural Awareness There are ample benefits of cultural awareness among them these are few advantages or benefits of cultural awareness. In order to have success in life, the awareness cultural difference is very much important. It actually helps to understand about the thinking of different people it also helps to understand the reason behind thinking differently There are many key roles through which the actual motto of the culture can be understood. Cultural awareness helps individual to understand this. Cultural Awareness also helps individual to create consciousness about other cultures. Culture awareness helps an individual to build up personality (Case presentations, 2009). Danger and risk of culture There are many risks and danger in culture that can affect people in an effective way. Stereotypes danger or risk: It is actually the variety types of risk in the field of culture. There are various filed of the culture so the chances of different types of risks are there. Prejudice: This kind of danger actually comes depending on practical experience in many cultures. Ethno-centric perspective: It is the basic origin of culture where people learn how to react in different situation. This danger actually helps individual to understand about the reason of different culture. There lies the main danger. Hofstedes Cultural dimensions theory This theory of cultural dimensions theory actually says about the following comparisons (Back Hye Joo and Joo-Hyun Chung, 2014). The comparisons are as follows, High Power Distance vs. low power distance Individualism vs. collectivism Masculinity vs. Femininity Uncertainty avoidance index (high vs. low) Pragmatic vs. Normative Indulgence vs. Retrains These are the theories which are mainly described in the theory. It can be said that the theory actually differs the different sides of culture and the significance. High power vs. low power Individualism and collectivism In the field of high power distance there are some characteristics that can be elaborated effectively. The characteristics are as follows, Centralized organizations. In this part of the theory there is centralized organization which actually operates the whole scenario of the culture being in the central position (Case presentations, 2009). More complex hierarchies. It means the parts and sub parts here are very complicated and difficult to understand. It can be said that in this part of the theory the parts and sub parts of the culture become complicated and hard to understand for the people. Large gap in compensation authority and respect. There are many situations in the society where the employees mainly work for compensation and respect in the company. It is the same for the people of the society. The people here mainly work for respect and extra benefits. That is why this part of the theory actually says about respect and in this part there are large gaps among respects and humans. Moreover the benefits of getting compensation in this case are also hard to get as there are also large gaps. In low power distance there are two characteristics. They are as follows, Flatter organization. In the field of low power distance there are organizations that have flatter structures. It is the significance of this part of theory and it also describes the actual condition of culture under the surveillance of people. Supervisors and employees in an organization are considered as being in same post. It means this parts actually believes the law of equality. Individualism vs. collectivism In this part of the theory there are few characteristics for both the parts. For the individualism the characteristics can be elaborated in many ways. They are as follows, There are high values for the people time, their needs and need for privacy and freedom. Individual get their reward for their hard works. The individual actually enjoys the challenging situation sin an effective way (Citino, 2011). It can be said that the challenges are accepted widely and after facing the challenges the employees and the workers start to expect rewards from the higher authority. In this part of the theory respect for privacy is the main characteristic. It means people of this culture actually get respect from each other in time of privacy. Collectivism also has many characteristics and they are as follows, It actually emphasizes on building skills and becoming masters of something People of this culture actually works for instinct rewards. The other moral issues are overrides by maintaining harmony groups. Masculinity vs femininity Uncertainty avoidance The characteristics of the first culture are as follows, There lies strong egos which are feelings of pride and importance are mainly attributed to status. Money and especially the achievements are very crucial in this case. This part of the culture is very much concerned about relationships. The main focus of this culture is on quality of life. It means the main focus of this culture is to increase the standard of life. In both the uncertainty avoidance the characteristics are as follows, Rigid, structured and conservative are the main thing specialty of this part of the culture that can be taken under the matters of concern. There are many societal conventions in this part of culture. People in this part expressive and they are allowed to show anger, emotions where required. This culture has high energy society if people actually get to feel that they are in total control of their lives. Being overwhelmed and reacting loudly are not acceptable in this culture. There is an openness to change or to be innovative in the cultural field. The people of this culture are generally inclusive. Among the people there are less sense of urgency. It means the people in this culture cannot feel that they urgency in their works. Pragmatic vs. Normative vs. Indulgence vs. Retrains In Pragmatic vs. nomadic the characteristics are as follows, Education and thrift are seen as positive values. There is emphasized virtues and obligations. The people of this culture are strong convictive. Values and rights are emphasized in normative culture (Boyd, 2010). In indulgence vs. retrains culture the characteristics are as follows, People are optimistic There are importance of freedom of speech The main focus of the culture has been remained on personal happiness. The people of restraints are pessimistic. The behavior of the people of this culture are more controlled and rigid. Meaning of intercultural awareness Intercultural awareness is the part of the same culture. It means the cultural awareness of same group of people who belong to the same culture. It is the effective fact of being conscious about owns culture at time of maintaining the ethics in an effective way. It can be said that the cultures must be taken seriously in the cultural field in order to be effective. How can we be aware of cultures? There are many ways of being aware of the cultures. The ways are as follows, Individual can learn cultures form his/her elders. Individual can experience different cultures and among millions of characteristics of different cultures people can adapt a few cultures. One can help other to be aware of the cultures in an effective way. Conclusion At the end of the project one can say that the culture and its awareness is a very crucial aspect in human society. It is the way to communicate, to be responsive and to be known perfectly. A culture can be the symbol of individual where the people can the symbolic depending on the cultures. Recommendations It is highly recommended that individual must know his or her culture perfectly in order to be effective in the culture. A true culture is the symbol to make a particular person known to others. The behavior and ethics are also known by culture. So culture must be maintained in anyways. It can be with help of the senior or it can be with the help of the experienced persons. Culture should get the proper respect and it can only be possible with the behavior of individual. References Adolfsson, P. (2014). Pharmacies and Different Logics. Organizational Cultures: An International Journal, 13(2), pp.37-50. Back Hye Joo and Joo-Hyun Chung (2014). Suggestion of a classification table of design modeling elements in cultural dimensions - Focused on Geert Hofstedes cultural dimensions -. Journal of Korea Design Forum, null(43), pp.223-232. Boyd, J. (2010). Producing Vancouver's (hetero)normative nightscape. Gender, Place Culture, 17(2), pp.169-189. Case presentations. (2009). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 80(11), pp.e2-e2. Case presentations. (2009). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery Psychiatry, 80(11), pp.e2-e2. Citino, D. (2011). Challenging Situation No. 3: The Rolling Skull. Red Cedar Review, 46(1), pp.69-70. Gonza?lez de Leo?n, F. (2009). The road to Rocroi. 1st ed. Leiden: Brill. Gonzalez, G. (2014). Educational attainment in immigrant families. 1st ed. New York: LFB Scholarly Pub. Holmes, H. (2015). Self-time: The importance of temporal experience within practice. Time Society. Ji, L. (2010). Is Confucian culture unforgiving? Commentary on Stankov (2010). Learning and Individual Differences, 20(6), pp.569-570.

Future of Pakistan free essay sample

Future of Pakistan Pakistan is a well known country in world after 911 attacks. Pakistan was recently given a title by untied kingdoms president that Pakistan is the country which is exporting terrorism in the world. Situation in Pakistan know a days are very critical hundreds of people are killed in Pakistan due to terrorism. Target killing, suicide attacks are very common now a days. People are no more afraid of these things they are getting use to it. Office worker in Pakistan has a fear that will they return home after a hard day at office. Students have fear will they return home afely after school. Everyone from a child to grown up carries this fear. Pakistan has all the natural resources but these resources are not utilized in a right manner. In Pakistan from a bus driver to a president each and everyone thinks about them selfs it doesnt matter what happens to Pakistan. We will write a custom essay sample on Future of Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The word Pakistan means pure but nothing seems pure In Pakistan. Higher level of political hierarchy are not honest in performing there Jobs and are rampart in corruption. There seems to be no governess in Pakistans future as people are corrupted and dishonest to the local people and voters. Pakistan is the country which is count in the third world and has very low level of development and due to 2010 Pakistan floods all the pipeline projects has been delayed. According to me floods have put Pakistan several years backward and we need to work very hard to compete with world. I my self is optimist but it does not seems that Pakistan is going to progress for next 10- 15 years. The main problem of Pakistan is terrorism and rampart corruption in government. We need to tackle this problem or in long run its gone cause a very big problem for Pakistan and Pakistani in future.

Optimality Foraging essays

Optimality Foraging essays This study was undertaken to experimentally test for evidence of optimal foraging in guppies, Poecilia reticulata. Foraging preferences of guppies feeding on brine shrimp were studied to make predictions about optimal diet breadth. First, the profitabilities (Engery intake/ handling times) were determined by testing the handling time of four size classes of guppies foraging on brine shrimp of sizes 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm. The following week, we tested whether guppies of various sizes prefer prey that return the greatest benefit. This was accomplished by arbitrarily placing brine shrimp of different sizes in various tanks with different size guppies. Our results did not support the optimal diet breadth theory. All species must obtain some sort of nutrition in order to survive and reproduce. To do this, many animals must forage for their own food. Therefore, the energy used to forage could be energy used for other activities, such as mating. Thus, a logical hypothesis has been made that animals will optimize the benefits of obtaining food to survive, yet minimize the energy used to obtain said food. This is the optimal foraging idea. In this experiment, we looked at guppies and see if they favored efficient foraging behaviors according to optimality models. Using optimality models helps predict if an animals behavior has in fact been shaped by natural selection to maximize benefits to costs. Our hypothesis of this experiment was that guppies will favor efficient foraging behaviors. Thus our HA is that the guppies will choose the prey that will give them the highest net energy gain (cal/handling time). The HO is therefore that foraging in guppies occurs due to chance. The reasoning behind this is that if given sufficient prey choices, animals will be selected to choose to maximize the benefits to costs ratio. If the animal is making decisions about the environment, and if food giving a high rate ...

Problems of Reverse Logistics in Electronic Commerce Essay

Problems of Reverse Logistics in Electronic Commerce - Essay Example Reverse logistics is the removal of returned or unused products and redistributing of these products in order to attain maximum profit. It can also be referred to all the "activities associated with a product/service after the point of sale" (Reverse Logistics Association, n.p, 2008). According to an estimate almost one-half of almost 1% of total United States GDP is due to logistics costs (Reverse Logistics Executive Council, n.p, 2008). Hence we can see that reverse logistics is an important part of any business. An efficient reverse logistics can lead to more profitability and hence a better competitive position. Reverse logistics is quite different from forward logistics. Forecasting forward logistics is easier than forecasting reverse logistics. In forward logistics the packaging, pricing and routings are clear and uniform whereas in reverse logistics the packaging might be damaged, uneven pricing and undetectable routings can lead to increased costs and hence reduced profits (Pablo Soto & Lourenco, 5 & 6, 2003). As more and more companies are now selling online, businesses now have to focus on their reverse logistics in order to maintain profits and satisfy customers. This increase in e-commerce or business on the internet has lead to more returned goods. However, most of the time the managers are trying to move the products out of the warehouse and lesser energy is consumed in developing proper reverse logistics (Porolec, 68 & 69, 2000). There can be several different reasons for product return such as: unsatisfied customer, installation or usage problems, warranty claims, faulty order processing, retail overstock, end of product lifecycle or product replacement, manufacture recall programs etc. A proper study of reverse logistics can help in dealing with all the above problems and even help in reducing them (Schatteman, 267-270, n.d). Some e-retailers have calculated that almost 50% of their products sold are returned. Even though the advent of internet and e-commerce has certainly made life easier, however without proper reverse logistics the online businesses instead of making money incur huge losses. Some products sold online have a higher rate of return than the other products. For e.g. electronic products have almost 80% rate of return. Hence we can see that different companies have different reverse logistics. (Graeml et al, 1-9, 2001) Companies providing services like ISPs, Jobs and E-mail accounts have lower rate of return and even if some of their products do come under the term 'reverse logistics', they will not incur much loss. However, if we look at companies selling apparel, electronics, shoes, jewelry and other similar items, we can notice a higher rate of return. Such companies usually suffer more in terms of reverse logistics. With more companies coming into e-commerce, companies now need to redesign their entire reverse logistics, in order to have a competitive edge (Graeml et al, 1-9, 2001). There are several problems associated with reverse logistics. Forecasting reverse logistics is more difficult than forecasting forward logistics. A company can never know which product will come back

Chapter 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Chapter 3 - Assignment Example The percentage contribution of food is 32%, products 21%,housing 29% and mobility 18%.Therefore ecological footprint will be as shown; Food=2.72, goods=1.79, shelter=2.5, mobility=1.53.The total ecological footprint is an average of 8.5 global hectares per person. The ecological footprint of a person living in the primitive U.S.A, there is a reduction in general carbon emission by this person. The person does not need a vehicle to move and, therefore, will take a walk or ride a bicycle. The food the person consumes is more of natural and, therefore, there is a reduction in the overall emission patterns. Food=25%, goods=17%, shelter 20%, mobility 10%.Therefore the ecological mobility will be (0.25*8.5+0.17*8.5+0.2*8.5+0.1*8.5) =6.12 global hectares/planets. The ecological footprint of other countries is low or high. This depends on the natural resource endowment. For example, in Australia is 12.25 global hectares because of the use of coal to generate energy. WWf calculator exists on an online platform, but it derives the calculations by asking questions like the kind of food one consumes and the frequency of its consumption. It asks questions about all components of carbon footprint and ecological footprint. My ecological footprint in the calculator is 3.14 planets, and carbon footprints are 2202.4 because of the difference in their questions used in calculations. Some of the behaviors that can reduce the emission of greenhouse gases come from an individual. One can decide to use his or her vehicle once or twice in a week. One can opt to board a train once in a while to job. One can ration the amount of food consumed and also the appliances used at home can avoid issues of using kerosene stoves to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide. Overall, we can conclude that it would be so important for a society to work towards lowering the ecological footprint. This would be paramount. Some of the measures to ensure this can include; the country is

Huckleberry Finn vs. Juggar Singh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Huckleberry Finn vs. Juggar Singh - Essay Example None of them depict a political figure but rather they are just ordinary people with extraordinary skills. Both share some similarities, differences and impact in the overall plot of the novel in a distinctly, unique fashion. The theme around which â€Å"The Adventure of Huckleberry Finn† revolves is civil war between New England and the Old. It is set in Illinois during the pre-war times. Huck is a thirteen year old boy coming from a poor background and Widow Douglas and Miss Watson decide to civilize him. He is not only credulous but also susceptible, insightful, diligent, empathetic, evenhanded, rational, audacious, smart and blase all at once. The fact that he is superstitious is revealed in the very first chapter when he accidentally kills a spider and suddenly fears that this act will bring bad luck in his life (Twain 1977). Secondly, when he makes the mistake of spilling the salt at Widow’s place, he wants to throw it over his shoulder to ward off bad omen but he is stopped by the Widow herself. Later when he meets Jim, both share a series of superstition based on their experience and what they had heard. Huck is also gullible since he is so young. When he tries to flee the ladies’ attempt to civilize him, he meets Tom who offers him to become a part of his gang of robbers provided he goes back home. This also makes him adventurous since he is easily convinced that the gang of robbers will be an exciting company to be with. Despite of the lack of education, Huck is also shrewd and extremely rational (Twain 1977). This allows him to keep pace with Tom’s adventures. The intelligence of Huck is evident through his schemes of getting rid of his abusive father who had literally kept him locked in his place like a kidnapper. His master plan to escape is very grand and involves his own death. He makes the scene look like a murder and in his fathers’ absence, loads the canoe he finds floating in the river with supplies. He does not stop here. He kills a wild hog and plucks his own hair so that it looks like a crime scene where he was killed and dragged into the river. His industrious nature enables him to recognize the worth of any object he comes across such as a piece of driftwood in the river, and plans to sell and make money from it (Twain 1977). During his travel with Jim he continues to collect such items, hoping that one day he will possess a lot of money. Juggat Singh of â€Å"Train to Pakistan† is considered to be a local thief of the village Mano Majra located at the border of India and Pakistan in the novel. The story unfolds as the narrator recalls an incident that took place in the village which changes Juggat’s lifee forever. He is arrested by the police for murdering the village’s money lender Ram Lal. Ram Lal was actually murdered by Malli, a neighboring village’s dacoit. Juggat is in love with a Muslim girl named Nooran. Juggat’s bravery is revealed to t he people of village when he attempts to save the lives of many people including Nooran’s. The village, which was once a peaceful place, becomes a place of rebellion and hatred. Amidst the chaotic situation of the village which is faced with bloodshed after the arrival of the train full of mutilated dead bodies at the village, which is a combination of Hindus, Sikhs and Muslims, Juggat decides to prove his worth as a peace maker and not a

Beijing 2008 Olympics Opening Ceremony

Beijing 2008 Olympics Opening Ceremony The Olympic Games are one of the most important international sporting events for most of the world. The 2008 Beijing Olympics was especially one of particular focus and attention. China has long wished to show the world its greatness and, in June 2001, it finally got that chance. The Opening Ceremony as an event was the primary opportunity for China, besides the sporting events themselves, to demonstrate its power, wealth, and prosperity to the world; through visual and artistic spectacle. It would also allow the world to observe and witness how far China has progressed, as a country, to becoming more open and willing to being a bigger part in the global community. Aspects of the Opening Ceremony may be divided into three main categories; the Political, the Historical and Cultural, and the Ideals and overall Message. The concept of Unity is one of the main historical political ideas, presented throughout the Ceremony; which may be first interpreted in the mass-scale performances. Syncopation was essential during the highly choreographed displays of drummers, martial artists, and actors and dancers; in large formations. The theme of Unity has always been significant throughout Chinese history, since the unification of China under the first Emperor in 221 BCE. With rise and fall of subsequent dynasties, the prosperity of the land depended on that unity. The idea of Unity in the new era may be more clearly displayed by the 56 children carrying the national flag, dressed in costume, representing the 56 ethnic groups of modern China; promoting China as a unified multi-ethnic, multi-cultural, nation.   Chinas economic strength is implied by the ability to fund and organize the large-scale use of fireworks, lighting, and man power; in order to put on such a spectacular mega-event. The Opening Ceremony may also be considered to be a promotion of Chinese pride and nationalism. It not only promotes Beijing itself as a city, or as the Capital, but as the center of the great country of China; as a while. This event is not only for China to impress all the foreign visitors, but may also prove to their own citizens, and to Chinese communities worldwide, how far theyve come. They have the chance to make the best impression possible on the world; and to impress all with the speed and scope of Chinas development. The Historical and Cultural aspects played a major part in the Opening Ceremony through the presentation and celebration of ancient Chinese culture. Chinese director Zhang Yimou was the creative mind behind the Ceremony. He is perhaps known to Westerners for his films Hero, House of Flying Daggers, and Curse of the Golden Flower. There is a strong focus on spectacle and aesthetic beauty, and artistic tradition and history of China, with the central theme of the four great Chinese inventions; the first being fireworks. A brief film was shown during the ceremony, displaying the second of the four great inventions of paper making. The showing of the traditional ink brush making was shown to segue way into the next performance, as a giant L.E.D. paper scroll was rolled out in the middle of the stadium. At the centre lay a canvas upon which dancers in black, with a sleeve dipped in ink, left trail marking as they moved on the paper; creating a landscape of mountains, a river, and the sun. The look of it was in the style of traditional ink painting. Their dance was accompanied by the music of a Guqin, the ancient Chinese seven-stringed zither. It was a blending of brush painting, dance, and music, and the connection of all the fine arts as part of the same philosophical artistic process. In celebration of the Chinese language, of movable blocks were used in a large formation to present three variations of the character for harmony; another political ideal. The performance pays tribute to the third great invention of the movable type press. Meanwhile, hundreds of costumed Han Dynasty feather-capped scholars, holding bamboo scrolls, sang out key excerpts from Analects of Confucius. Confucius was one of the most significant ancient philosophers that helped shape Chinese society, who still retains importance and influence in East Asia today. Other presentations artistic traditions of Beijing Opera and Puppetry were performed. A grounded map of the Ancient Silk Road was a ccompanied by Tang Dynasty dancers. The last of the great Chinese inventions, the compass, was held by the central actor in a performance presenting the voyages of Zheng He; the Ming Dynasty eunuch who led seven great naval expeditions to explore the world from 1405 to 1433. All these represent Chinas glorious past. The following segment represented present day China, with a performance by pianist Lang Lang surrounded by luminescent performers; who arranged themselves into the Dove of Peace. The Doves wings took flight as the performers moved. A young girl, suspended by wire, ran in mid-air while flying a kite. 2,008 of male performers, in white, took formation to display a mass performance of Tai Chi in fluid unison; a martial art based on the principles of the Yin and Yang, and harmony with nature. The ink painted landscape returned for a group of schoolchildren to add their marks by colouring over it, while chanting poetry; suggesting an environmental and Green Olympics. The in t he landscape was filled in with a smiley face. The accompanying light presentation showed bright coloured birds, flying into the sky; possibly to further the thoughts of peace, or environmentalism. An astronaut, and a giant glowing ball representing Earth, came forth to represent modern, and possibly future, space exploration. The ball changed colour and glowed like a Chinese lantern, while acrobats tumbled rolled along its surface. Chinese and British singers, Li Huan and Sarah Brightman, stood on top of the ball which reverted back to showing the Earth, and sang the 2008 Olympic theme song You and Me; in both Mandarin and English. It was a song of friendship and peace. The 2,008 performers returned, with bearing parasols with images of the smiling children; and fireworks in the shape of smiley faces were ignited. The Opening Ceremony was the event for Beijing to welcome the world. They were able to introduce, or share more of, Chinese culture and heritage to the world. It also showed a new sense of China, more built on unity, peace, harmony, and openness with the global community. These ideals were made clear throughout the Ceremony as part of the themes for the 2008 Olympics; the slogan being One World, One Dream. China opening itself to the world is perceived in the Beijing Olympic Logo; a stylized representation of the character of Jing, meaning capital. The character resembles a dancing figure with arms wide open, and Chinas invitation and welcome to the world. The Red in the emblem is the Chinese colour of good luck and fortune. The Mascots for the 2008 Games, called Fuwa, have five members; Beibei, Jingjing, Huanhuan, Yingying, and Nini. Their designs were inspired by a fish, a giant panda, a flame, a Tibetan antelope, and a swallow; each also representing one of the five Olympic rings. Put together, their names for a pun on the phrase Beijing huanying ni, meaning, Beijing welcomes you. The Olympic Committee also chose three specific themes to promote for 2008. The first was technological Olympics, as high-tech media broadcasting and promotion was important to a successful Olympics; the 2008 Beijing Olympics being the first in history to be broadcasted in high-definition. The second theme was humanistic, and the original ideal that the Olympics is a cultural event; for all people. It not only refers back to the contributions by Ancient Greece, but is also gives the Chinese people the opportunity to share their own 5000 years of traditional and modern culture. Harmony of humanity also includes harmony with nature, which leads to the final theme of a green Olympics. China worked hard to tackle this issue in preparation for the 2008 Olympics, to accommodate the arrival of so many foreign spectators and athletes; to be able to attend and perform in an agreeable enviro nment. While pollution as one of the main criticisms China faces today, it remains a problem in many other countries; and was a question raised for many previous Olympic cities. The 2008 Games were used to continue to increase global awareness and the promotion of green consumption. The 2008 Beijing Olympics was the means for China to demonstrate its wealth and power to the world. It was through art and creativity, demonstrated by the Opening Ceremony, that China was able to celebrate and share its culture with the rest of the world; while also supporting current day ideals of peace, harmony, progress, and environmentalism. It was a promotion of a new image of China as willing and ready to open itself to all, and to be accepted as among the worlds top respectable countries. Bibliography: http://en.beijing2008.cn/ Gold, John R. And Margaret M. Gold, Olympic Cities: City Agendas, Planning and the Worlds Games, 1896-2012. London: Routledge, 2007 Fan, Hong, Duncan Mackay, and Karen Christensen. China Gold: Chinas Quest for Global Power and Olympic Glory. Great Barrington: Berkshire Publishing Group, 2008.

Students and the Civil Rights Movement During the 1960s Essay

The 1960's was a decade of tremendous social and political upheaval. In the United States, many movements occurred by groups of people seeking to make positive changes in society. During this decade, the Civil Rights movement continued to gain momentum. The black community was continually persecuted and discriminated against by prejudice white individuals and figures of authority. Blacks everywhere struggled to end discrimination. They demanded the right to vote, to receive quality education, and to become respected individuals in the community which shunned them. (Sitkoff 35) Students, in particular, played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement during the 1960's. Many college students were outraged by social injustices and the intolerance shown by their universities. Many individuals participated in boycotts and sit-ins in an attempt to change their community for the better. (Blumberg 18) The young people during the 1960?s greatly influenced the course of the Civil Rights movement by their efforts and actions. Students played a large role in the desegregation of both public grade schools and universities. College students also form ed and took part in new political groups such as the Black Panther Party and Students for a Democratic Society. (Blumberg 73) Because of their heavy political involvement in the Civil Rights Movement, students across the country created a new institution: the political university. (Curry 77) During the 1960?s, many student riots occurred on college campuses. The majority of the rioters were middle class students seeking a voice in the administration of their school. These riots were violent and sometimes fatal. A major issue during the Civil... ...fectiveness. The 1960?s were a time of great disorder among the young people of the America. Students began to stand up for their rights and fight to improve society, even if it meant turning their backs on the government. During the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960?s a new pattern was brought forth in many universities. The university was no longer just a community of learners and educators, but is suddenly became a political arena. But many tend to forget that the majority of the nations 6,700,000 college students were studying peacefully and not causing any trouble in the community (Curry 106). During this time, many changes were brought about in society, some being positive and others being negative. Because of their great passion and effort, students may be considered the most influential group of people during this critical period in history.

Power dimension in family

is power in the family best explained by the first, second or third dimensional view of power ? When we think about power in social context it is can be termed as specific ability of influencing or controlling others . Generally authority is considered as power due to being accepted as social norms. Three dimension of Power can be understood by Lake's academic theory which says â€Å"three faces of power†. He discussed how the governments Exercise Its controlling power on people by three ways as by decision-making power, by non decision-making power and by Ideological power.Decision-making power Is easily seen In the people behavior and In the way governments wants It to be: the policy decision making power Is widespread by consulting with the Public representatives and popular voice of public. As government controls the agenda of Important Issues (such as the way education policy In India) unacceptable for Public discussion and debate which moderate public forums In case of n on decision making. The third and the Important dimension of of power Is Ideological power, by which thoughts and wishes of public can be altered of influenced -We can see this in Voting patterns and manipulation forNarrate Mood led AND by Middle class even AND was opposing Public distribution system which benefits the lower middle class the Most,which is the example of even getting public want such things who are against their own benefits . Power can be used involve with or without coercion in the family. We can see the simple power relation in between the relationship of Parents and child. Parents takes various kinds of decisions for their children for their betterment and for good future . Or example parents decide about school, they do it for the good of child which is decided by hem only , He can take others advise and may be for example his neighbor may be having more capability to choose better school its comes under the authority of parents only. We can easily see the use o f first dimension of power here. Power may be termed in bad meaning or unjust but the use of power is routed in even ancient Era. Its interesting to see the explanation of power in Family. Family is the basic unit of society and cultural. In the family environment, use of power can be seen in different forms.Power dimensions in the family depends on the type of Emily ,Complexity of relationships and family values, Which can be seen In Family decisions and interpersonal relations and mostly it Is evident in family decisions and behavior . Power relations and its dimensions always Influence the decisions of the Family head Ã'› At one extreme, Power can be understood as Influence, power and Influence looks different due to the way power Is used In society . The three dimension of Power is described and discussed In detail by Likes In his book, Power: A Radical View.According to him , The effectiveness and the degree of Involvement of power for any defined group or mere Individual can be understood by different criteria. The Importance of such views and outlooks Is easily explained and debated at length In Likes' Views, as he explains how use of power can be done In more appropriate way. The One Dimensional View of Power Is best explained by the behavior in decision making, We can see this on key issues and it offers direct related to subjective interests, specially in family relations as to maintain family preferences and demonstration of authority .Family decision are almost taken by Emily head and are binding on family members as they are considered as god for them. We can see the use of first degree of power in daily family life. Its always depends on the thinking of Family head, his values understanding and need of the family. Family heads take decision to avoid the conflict . In nuclear families ,Use of first dimension of power can be easily seen as the nature of conflict and differences in interest are simple in nature.As of small size of family ,direct C ommunication plays very important role and conflict can be simply resolved with less involvement f negotiations, sometime by give and take relationship which can be seen openly in case of conflict. It can make or break the relationships in nuclear family where there is no influence and support of extended which provides room for flexibility in relationship. As the application of above, we can see rising no of divorce cases in urban life. First degree of power also be easily seen in Joint family in India.Although there are complex structures in family relationships in Joint families, then also there are direct conflicts which need decision by choice of family head for the interest of he family members. Normally it comes with responsibility and social obligation in joint family . Onus shifts on the earning member of the family. It is very interesting to see the structure and power relations in Indian Joint family where family interests are guided by certain family values and social pr essure which is declining and tending towards nuclear family.Declining family values are weakening family bonds which better explains the three dimensional view of power. The Two Dimensional Power is Can be termed as the critique of behavior and focuses on decision-making ND non decision-making. We can even see the two dimension of power in economics of family which can be related to the earning member. Suppose parents has less income which didn't allow them to exercise their choice to admit the child to specific school they choose .Sometimes social structure plays important role in such types of family decisions and when its prohibits or promotes exercise of choice ,3rd degree of power can be easily seen. Sometimes Parents express their displeasure about some acts of children and they are able to modify behavior even without use of force which an be termed as 2nd dimension of power. It also looks at current and potential issues and expands the focus on observable conflict to those types that might be observed overtly or covertly.But the Two Dimensional View still focuses on subjective interests, though those seen as policy preferences or even grievances . We can easily see relates to our Joint family where behavior of child is controlled by fear of parents. Even in other relations in the family , individual members of family limits ,controls and guide their behavior to accommodate the needs of other family embers. I have personally seen this in Joint families where Female members prefer to eat after every member of family finish their eating and sometimes they don't have enough to eat. N this example we can easily see the deterrent value of two dimension of power even this is the main reason of Child and Female malnutrition in the rural part of country. Family decisions are infused by extended members, Close relatives and community members . Sometime family values have a lot say into family decisions. Family values and views of extended family members play ve ry crucial role understand it by chill marriage and honor killing are sues which are social evils but still in practice in India.Concept of family Honor or ZETA is closely related to the third dimension of Power. Sometime Popular views ,fashions and Our role models also play very important role in modifying or influencing our family decisions. Family Buying decisions and cultural following is the best example of third dimension of power. The Power Structure and three dimensions of power can be easily understood by happenings In Rural North India, where issue of cast, class and gender are inter elated.People have inherited tendency of enforcing cast and kinship codes from Colonial period when even Colonial court of law consider marriage without parental consent illegal . Family status and Social acceptance Plays very important role in rural life. The greater danger to the honor and zeta ideology comes from the female which tends the demands a sacrifice of the natural ties created by biology which tries to justifies honor killing. Considerations of class and status establish ones status in society which encourages members within caste for conflict and violence in intra- asset marriage alliances.The female guardianship is related to power and control The low female ratio to male also played important role in controlling female sexuality. The need of hour is to create awareness which with the help of Community and Participation of religious / social leaders to encounter the social evil of honor killing. Woman empowerment and woman reservation can also play import roll as tool of social Justice. So from the above we can see that power in the family best explained by the first, second or third dimensional view of power .

Methods of contraception used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome Essay Example

Methods of contraception used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome Essay Example Methods of contraception used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome Paper Methods of contraception used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome Paper Methods of contraception used in ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome differed in their nature and degree of effectiveness. They ranged from scientific methods that are still used nowadays to quasi-scientific and barely effective to dangerous and futile. In ancient Egypt, females used a mixture of honey and sodium bicarbonate to irrigate their genitalia. Another invention was a tampon-like object with acid anhydride. Acid anhydride is still used as a chief component of contemporary contraceptive jellies. Manuscript titled Ebers Papyrus, from 1550 BC, contains an advice about mixing dates, acacia bark and honey into a paste to be placed the vagina. The effectiveness of this method was considerable for the reason that sugar ferments were converted into lactic acid, a spermicide (Chauhan, 2003). While some substances that were used did not have any specific qualities to have a chemical effect on the sperm, ‘the insertion of substances like honey or crocodile dung into the vagina could have effectively blocked a males semen because of its thick consistency’ (Habiger, 1998, ‘Pregnancy,’ para. 4). Barrier methods were also widespread: women in ancient Egypt used vaginal suppositories as a method of contraception (Hearthstone Communications, 2007). As for men in Ancient Egypt, in 1000 BC they used fabric condoms both to protect themselves from disease (which is believed to be the primary reason) and avoid having undesired children. Women used celery seed as an oral contraceptive, as a recipe written in the Berlin Papyrus from Egypts Nineteenth Dynasty (1300 BC) advices (Riddle, 1999). As concerns Ancient Greece, by the 2nd century CE, gynecologist Soranus developed a theory that female fertility was limited to ovulation period; however, he made an incorrect assumption that ovulation happened during menstruation, not before it. Yet the origins of the rhythm method that is still practiced nowadays and is proven to be effective (although not as effective as condoms or other newer methods) can be traced back to those times. Soranus also promoted a variety of ineffective quasi-scientific methods, such as holding the breath and drawing the body back during the intercourse to prevent the sperm from penetrating the mouth of the uterus, jumping backwards seven times after sex to dislodge the sperm by, or sitting down on bent knees to cause sneezing. Regrettably, some advices by Sofranus were not only inefficient but also detrimental to women’s health, like an advice to drink the water that blacksmiths used to cool hot metals (Nottingham, n/d). Squirting cucumber and pomegranate were other methods used, and, as recent animal tests show, they had a contraceptive effect (Riddle, 1999). While the aforementioned methods are connected to female contraception in Ancient Greece, men were also experimenting with some methods of birth control to avoid having illegitimate or undesirable children. Aristotle believed that homosexual relations could be regarded as a population control method. Two methods that are still used nowadays and can be described as having a limited degree of reliability were coitus reservatus (withholding ejaculation) and coitus interruptus (ejaculating outside the vagina) (Nottingham, n/d). Speaking of Ancient Rome, females also used a variety of ineffective methods that were, in fact, mere superstitions, like wearing a leather pouch with a cats liver on their left foot during the intercourse or spitting in the mouth of a frog three times. The Roman men wore condoms made of animal intestine (Nottingham, n/d). Both in Ancient Greece and Rome, the juice of the silphium plant was a commonly used method of oral contraception that enjoyed a certain degree of effectiveness. Women had to take it once a month. However, the plant grew in one place in Cyrene and was extinct by the 1st century CE because of over-harvesting and failure to cultivate it in other places, although attempts to do so were persistent. This plant is believed to be one of the most effective contraceptives used in the ancient times, as the contemporary research shows: ‘Modern researchers tested plants of the same genus (Ferula) and found anti-fertility effects ran in the family. Crude alcohol extracts of asafetida and a related plant (Ferula orientalis) were found to inhibit implantation of fertilized eggs in rats by 40% (asafetida) and 50% (F. orientalis)’ (Zeus, 2007, para. 5). Another method of female contraception was prolonged breast feeding, which can prevent ovulation, sometimes until a child was three years old (Nottingham, n/d). Therefore, it is possible to conclude that there was a variety of contraception methods known in the Ancient Egypt, Greece and Rome. Some of these methods were relatively reliable and are still practiced nowadays (like the rhythm method or interrupted coitus), whilst others were based on mere superstitions and had zero effectiveness or involved practices harmful for women’s health. References Chauhan, J. History of Contraception. 2003. November 12, 2007. mcmaster.ca/health/hwc/Student%20Writers/hx_contraception.htm Habiger, P. Early History: Menstruation, Menstrual Hygiene and Womans Health in Ancient Egypt. 1998. November 12, 2007. mum.org/germnt5.htm Hearthstone Communications Ltd. Birth Control Guide. 2007. November 12, 2007. epigee.org/guide/ Nottingham, V. History of Female Contraception. N/d. November 12, 2007. medhunters.com/articles/historyOfFemaleContraception.html Nottingham, V. History of Male Contraception. N/d. November 12, 2007. medhunters.com/articles/historyOfMaleContraception.html Riddle, J. M. Eves Herbs: A History of Contraception and Abortion in the West. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999. Zeus, S. The Ancient Worlds ‘Birth Control Pill.’ 2007. November 12, 2007. sisterzeus.com/Silphio.htm

Breakfast Club Film Review essays

Breakfast Club Film Review essays Five disparate high school students, Allison Reynolds, a weirdo; Brian Johnson, a nerd; John Bender, a criminal; Claire Standish, a prom queen; and Andy Clark, a jock, are forced to spend the day in Saturday detention. Having absolutely nothing in common, except for having to give up their day, they sit in the school library, and write an essay for a teacher, Richard Vernon. Being from such widely different backgrounds and having such completely different personalities, its inevitable that some frictions and shenanigans develop, especially when Vernon leaves the room. Each begins to see the others apart from their stereotypes. Each finds qualities about the others that make the Saturday morning change their lives. In the 1980s, Hughes was responsible for writing and directing some of the funniest (National Lampoons Vacation) movies of the era as well as some of the most perceptive ones about young people (Some Kind Of Wonderful). One that combined the humor and the perception was his 1985 smash The Breakfast Club. It fell into that 80s menagerie of teen flick known as the Brat Pack movies, yet it is easily the most transcendent of all of them. While many of the other Brat Pack movies have become quite dated (St. Elmos Fire) The Breakfast Club is still fresh today, despite somewhat dated references and music selections. What makes it transcend the genre so well is its accurate depiction of high school society. Never mind that the film was made in 1985, the depiction of the class system in high school (Jock, Preppie, Outcast, Thug, Geek) is still relevant today. Yet this is not just a movie for teenagers. The performances are all good: from Judd Nelson as the Thug to Molly Ringwald as the Preppie. You also have Emilio Estevez as the Jock, Anthony Michael Hall as the geek and Ally Sheedy as the Outcast. The only actor who really goes over the top is Paul Gleason as t...

The Impact of Marxism on Western Civilization Assignment

The Impact of Marxism on Western Civilization - Assignment Example A system of social and economic analysis, Marxism came into existence during The Enlightenment era; a period in time characterized by widespread slavery, pervasive disenfranchisement of the right of women to vote, extreme discrimination of the poor, particularly in Europe, and imperialism that saw jostling for resources by the European powers extended to Africa and the far east. To be sure, the world was under the control of a handful of extremely wealthy lords, yet scientific modes of production were at the early stages of development; man [the poor] was basically the source of wealth amassed and concentrated in the few hands. Essentially, Marxism developed out of philosophical materialism; a view that events in the universe follow the laws of nature and that the notion of superhuman upheld by fore-agents of capitalism is headed for a crumble and the subsequent takeover by communism someday. Marx's theoretical analysis centered upon the idea that social systems rise and fall as a re sult of the obstructive impediments to the development of collective, human productive power. In his analysis, the convergence of history and economics would be the causal effect to the ultimate breakdown of capitalism, arguing that historical processes evolved towards the realization of the inevitable pre-determined moral ideals. Noteworthy, Karl Marx was the pioneer thinker to boldly and comprehensively bring to the fore the understanding that the working class were the engine to a prosperous society., and thus are crucially fundamental in determining its course. In his theory of dialectical materialism, a theory share by Engels, Marx believed that everything in the universe revolves around materialism, and that the defined boundaries of encroachment are just but man-made concepts that are nonexistent in the Absolute state of nature (Shimp 37). Marx argues that there can be no freedom for the great mass of the working class as long as economic control [the vast resources] remains in the hands of the few political favorites; an unpalatable argument to the liberals who support the right to hold economic power and the subsequent freedom of its usage as the owner(s) may deem fit. According to Marx’s theory of historical materialism, capitalism was/is a social evil constantly under transformative economic forces towards a system that guarantees equality of mankind. Friedrich Engels, Marx’s longtime friend and coauthor, notes that Marx’s theory of Historical Materialism was a â€Å"law of development of human history†

Is Socrates Form of the Good Correct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Is Socrates Form of the Good Correct - Essay Example One of these entities is goodness or good, which is considered to be one of the causes of many of the things that are experienced daily in the visible realm. Something is considered to have a certain level of goodness because it participates in the Form of Good. According to Plato, Forms are the only things that can be known about, that is, they are the only things that can be considered to be objects of knowledge (Welton 20). In other words the form of the good, according to Plato, is ultimately to be treated as the object of knowledge, even though it is not really knowledge itself. Socrates, through Plato, is convinced that just gains its usefulness through the Good. I believe that Socrates is right in philosophizing that from Good emanates everything else, including knowledge and justice. Form of the Good Plato does not specifically say what the form of good is, but he does say that the knowledge of the form of the good is the most important or the highest knowledge that philosoph er kings should aspire. He says â€Å"What gives truth to the things known and the power to know to the knower is the Form of the Good, and though it is the cause of knowledge and truth, it is also an object of knowledge† (Plato and Jowett 46). ... All the prisoners get to see are shadows which are visibly moving on the wall. These shadows are not of people, but of statues being moved from above them but the prisoners cannot see this. They think that the shadows they see moving on the walls in front of them are real people, they cannot conceive a better reality in their present state. Socrates likens these prisoners with people who live thinking that the reality is composed of the fantasies they hear about in stories (Welton 47). Once the prisoners are released it is then they realize that what they thought were real people were actually lifeless statues (Anna 85). However, they would still think that the statues are real, just like a person who is used to the sounds and sights of the world would think that there was nothing more real than their own experiences. If the prisoners wander out into the open world, they might at first be blinded by the sun’s light, but with time, they come to the realization that there are ot her things and objects in the world. They will then think that these objects are real, just like a person who finally gets the knowledge of the Forms that comprise everyday existence. In conclusion the prisoners will come to look at the sun and realize that it is the source of the light that is making it possible for them to see all the objects that they are seeing; it is the source of all life and all light. According to Socrates, the Form of the Good is therefore like the sun; it is the source of everything found in the intelligible world (91). Socrates asks his students and friends to visualize a line that is halved in two and four. According to Socrates, the upper part of the halved line

An Evaluation Of Four Arguments Against State-Maintained Faith Schools Essay

An Evaluation Of Four Arguments Against State-Maintained Faith Schools - Essay Example An Evaluation Of Four Arguments Against State-Maintained Faith Schools There are about 20,000 schools in England, primary and secondary combined, as of 2010. 35 % or around 7000 are faith schools. 68 % of those 7000 belong to the Church of England. Roman Catholic schools make up 30 %. Of the remaining 2 %, only 58 are non-Christians, namely, Jewish (38); Muslims (11); Sikh (4); Greek Orthodox, Hindu, Quaker, Seventh Day Adventist, United Reform Church with one (1) each (DCSF 2010). We can therefore say 65 % or about 13,000 schools are NOT state-funded faith schools. Education policy has long been reviewed by the three major political parties of UK. Conservatives or the right-wing party believes in status quo, less government interventions, and less taxes. Its members have been in favor of greater individual freedom, competition, more achievements from the individual. They believe in the inevitability of unequal distribution of wealth for reasons of differences in performance and corresponding values. Another political party, the Labour Party, wants equality, stronger government influence along with higher taxes, but more budget for Social Welfare to improve the peoples’ quality of life. It is this faction who brought about â€Å"The Children’s Plan 2007† which was created for the education and well-being of children and young people. The 3rd political party, known as Liberal Democrats of UK, believes in Social Justice, Welfare State, and less government intervention.

Piper Aircraft v Reyno Essay Example for Free

Piper Aircraft v Reyno Essay Facts: A small airplane crashed in Scotland killing several Scottish citizens. The respondents who are Scottish and who are the representatives of the estates of the citizens and residents who were killed in the crash filed suit for wrongful death in United States Federal District Court in California. The forum was later transferred to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania upon motion of the petitioner. It appears that the aircraft was manufactured in Pennsylvania by petitioner Piper Aircraft Co. Â  The propellers were manufactured in Ohio by petitioner Hartzell Propeller, Inc. At the time of the accident the aircraft was registered in Great Britain and was owned and maintained by Air Navigation and Trading Co. , Ltd and was operated by McDonald Aviation, Ltd. , a Scottish air taxi service. Both Air Navigation and McDonald were organized in the United Kingdom. Petitioners filed a motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non conveniens. After finding that an alternative forum exists in Scotland, the District Court granted the motion and dismissed the complaint. The United States Court of Appeals reversed the district court’s decision on the ground that the dismissal of the suit is automatically barred when the law of the alternative forum is less favorable to the plaintiff than the law of the forum chosen by the plaintiff. Issue: whether the district court abused its discretion in granting the petitioner’s motion to dismiss on the ground of forum non convenience Ruling. No. The district court did not abuse its discretion in granting the petitioner’s motion to dismiss. Thus, judgment of the United States Court of Appeals was reversed. Rationale: It is well-settled that a claim will be dismissed on the ground of forum non conveniens if the amount of burden and difficulty to the defendant is out of proportion to the convenience of the plaintiff. The dismissal of a suit will not ordinarily be denied on the simple reason that the forum is less favorable to the plaintiff In dismissing a case for forum non convenience several factors are considered because they affect the conduct of the trial. These factors are: a) the access to sources of proof and evidence; b) the availability of compulsory process for attendance of unwilling witnesses, c) the cost of obtaining attendance of willing witnesses; d) the possibility of viewing of premises; In this case, the factors heavily favor Scotland because the wreckage of the airplane is in Scotland and all of the witnesses to the crash are also in Scotland. Also, the deceased were all Scottish. Scotland has a strong interest in hearing this case since the incident happened in its airspace. On the other hand, the disadvantage that will result to plaintiff if this suit will be brought in the United States is insignificant considering that the interest of the United States in the suit is not sufficient enough to justify the amount of time and expenses that will be wasted if the suit will be filed in the United States

An analysis of Process costing vs. job order costing

An analysis of Process costing vs. job order costing Introduction Management accounting uses several costing techniques. Costing techniques are very important to the business management because they help them make sound decisions for the company. They also help companies keep track of the costs that they incur in the production process. The techniques are mainly for internal use apart from absorption costing which is used by external users like the shareholders and the creditors. This paper analyses the process costing techniques and compares it with job order costing. It gives reasons as to why SAC Company should use job order costing rather than process costing (Bradford, 2008). Process Costing This is a costing technique that is used in finding costs in homogenous or products that are uniform. This technique makes averages of costs for all units to make per unit costs. Work in process account is used to track the process costs. Through this system, a continuous manufacturing process is used to produce identical goods (Bradford, 2008). Computation Procedures for Process Costing Manufacturing costs are accumulated for a period of time. It also works out the average costs of manufacturing. This being a continuous process, there is need for order (Bradford, 2008). The following are the steps that are followed in the calculation of manufacturing costs through process costing: Units physical flow: this is accounted for by the use of starting inventory, current or used inventory and the inventory at the end of the financial period. Production of equivalent units: the units that are equivalent during production are found by multiplying the units that are accounted for by the completion percentage for reach category of costs (Costing. (n.d.). Accounted for costs: these costs are identified during each production period for each cost category. They include the inventory at the starting of the period and the inventory used in the current production period. Per unit cost: for each equivalent unit poof production, costs are calculated through the division of the costs to be accounted for by the produced equivalent units. The allocation for each category of the cots is done for total costs that are to be accounted for. This is possible through the multiplication of the equivalent produced units and the cost per produced equivalent cost (Bradford, 2008). Methodology Process costing follows the following method in finding the total costs used in the production process. The two main methods used in process costing are weighted averages and FIFO methods. Weighted Average Method: The main method used is the use of weighted average to compute the costs of output. The average cost computed is comprised of is weighted average cost from both the opening inventory and the current inventory. The following steps are necessary: There is a physical flow of units since this weighted average method doesnt separate the staring inventory from the current and the closing inventory. This weighted average technique computes the units that are equivalent and it fails to separate the percentage of produced units in previous period from these units produced currently (Costing. (n.d.). Unit costs in the starting inventory are not separated from the unit costs for inventory incurred in the current period in the calculation of costs to be accounted for. To compute per equivalent unit cost, the total costs to be accounted for are divided by the equivalent total units of production. In the calculation of the cots to be accounted for total equivalent units accounted for, the weighted average method doesnt separate costs of starting inventory from costs of inventory in the current period (Costing. (n.d.). FIFO: this method, in computation of costs, separates costs for the current period from the costs of the starting inventory. The following steps are used: This method separates the current inventory from the inventory of previous period in the computation of continuous flow of units (Costing. (n.d.). The percentage of production units in the previous periods is separated from the percentage of units produced in the current period during the calculation of produced equivalent units. In the identification of the costs to be accounted for, the FIFO methodology separates the opening inventory units from the cost of eventual units that are added to the current period (Costing. (n.d.). In the calculation of per equivalent unit cost, this FIFO methodology divides the current accountable for units by the current produced equivalent. This method in the calculation of current costs that accounted for separates the costs that added to production in the current period from the costs of opening inventory. Application of Process Costing This costing technique is appropriately used when the products of manufacture are homogenous or they are identical. This methodology is differentiated from job order costing in the cost finding process. While job order costing is best used in the finding of per unit costs, this method finds the total average costs of production over a certain period of time (Bradford, 2008). Advantages of Process Costing This method has the following advantages; Process costing is best used for manufacturing industries that perform general manufacturing processing. Disadvantages of process costing This type of costing technique is not appropriate with those organizations that have jobs and batches. Job Order Costing This is a costing technique that accumulates costs for different types of jobs. The jobs are categorized into batches. For a batch to be considered as a separate job it has to be differentiated. If the batches are identical then process costing will have to be used. As per customers specifications, different individual jobs are produced. Job Order Costing Procedures There are accumulated costs for manufacturing for each separate job. This is done by the use of different ledger accounts. The procedures to be followed are as specified below; The process s initiated by the customer placing a sales order for the batch of products. The sales order is translated into a production order. This is followed by the ordering of the materials and the labor that sis to be used in the production of the batch. The materials are tracked for the batch (Bradford, 2008). The relevant manufacturing overhead for the job is done by the use of a rate that is predetermined. This is usually done per the hours of labor or per the hours that the machines work (Bradford, 2008). The work in progress account is changed to a control account and is thus not affected by the allocated manufacturing overheads. The spoilage that is abnormal (i.e. spoilage above the expected rates) is reclassified from the work in progress account the period costs. This makes it possible for the management to address the cost of abnormal spoilage (Bradford, 2008). The actual amounts of labor and material incurred are used by the accountant to charge the direct labor and materials to work in progress. The use of a job costing sheet is used to track these amounts of labor and material. This sheet is usually in a format that is computerized and each account has a subsidiary ledger (Bradford, 2008). Applications of Job Order Costing The application of job order costing is wide and varied. It is used by many companies in tracking costs. It is mainly used by the industries that produce and sell goods in batches. Unlike companies that do general manufacturing, this technique is effective in companies that manufacture products in batches (Bradford, 2008). Advantages of Job Order Costing This technique readily avails to the management the various cists in relation to the individual batches or jobs. Though this, an analysis can be made to show how and why the cost was incurred. The management gets to know the problems with the various allocations of costs and improve on it in future (Accountingformanagement, 2010). Though job costing, on going results that are for each job can be yielded. The costs incurred can be added even before the job is finished. This is helpful for the company since it enables the accounting staff of the company to access costs of jobs hence monitoring them. It enables the company to be in a position to analyze costs for longer jobs hence room for adjustment (Accountingformanagement, 2010). Disadvantages of job costing technique This costing technique is not relevant in some environments like the software industry which has no direct costs but many development costs. Job order costing will not be of help recording such costs. This costing technique has its main focus as primary products. Departments and activities are not dealt with. This is a problem because the management of a company is left with inadequate information (Accountingformanagement 2010). Application of Job Order Costing to SAC SAC has switched the mode of manufacturing goods. It now manufactures spark plugs. The company could get various purchase orders from different organizations and companies. These are sale orders that SAC can transform into batches and start processing the plugs. These form different jobs. It will be costly for SAC to continue using process costing because costs can not be traced to different costs or batches. Therefore I highly recommend SAC to use job process costing in its cost analysis because of the new mode of manufacturing spark plugs. Conclusion Management accounting uses various costing techniques to perform its tasks of costs analysis. Process costing and job order costing are two types of costing techniques that are have a similarity that they both analyze the costs that are incurred by the organization. Though these methods can be used to analyze costs, they differ in their approach to the analysis. Process costing uses both weighted average methods while job order uses the sale orders placed as batches or jobs for costs analysis. Also while process costing is good for companies that do general manufacturing, job costing is good for companies that manufacture based on batches.

The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual Essay -- Argumentative, Persuasiv

The death penalty is the most inhuman and crucial punishment. Even though it is not applied in every state, the death penalty is a very strong debate and argument within our own government. There are people who support it and those who are against it. The death penalty is a punishment to those who due to their actions and circumstances commit crimes. All people are all equal under the eyes of the law and those people in the end are still humans no matter the crimes they have committed. The death penalty is looked as a violation to the eighth amendment. It is an invalid form of punishment. The risks of inaccurate judgment can change the live of a human within just a few seconds. Taking away another person’s life for committing a crime is like taken an easy way out. The U.S. government should stop using immediately death penalty as a way of punishment because it is unfair, unethical and crucial. Our founding fathers wanted a government that would show the tyrants or absolute monarchs of Europe that it was possible to coexist and live free within fair justice. Even though they excluded any religion to be part of the government regulations, they used Christianity to influence them and built a strong foundation for the new type of government. In a webpage of the history of death penalty they stated that they used the bible and popular teachings to create basic laws and form basic human rights that many religions would forbid death penalty such as; Catholics, Presbyterians, Quakers, Amish’s, and Mennonites. One can easily find a statement teaching that one should not kill, which was used to make a law against murder. No matter what circumstance killing is wrong. So, why are we killing criminals? Aren’t we basically acting again... ...mistake, it is too and nothing can be done to reverse it. Therefore, people should realize that dealing with a human’s life; something so precious and valuable, no technology or currency can replace it or manipulate. When violence is committed the judge has the order to either punish a person with a lifetime of prison or sentence them to death penalty. Homicide is a power that no one should have on their hands. If someone acts against another person, there should be another way of solution discarding the act of death penalty. The death penalty is a huge argument in which many people will always have different opinions towards it. People should realize and acknowledge the fact that we are are equal under the eyes of the law and mistakes are always done. The unfairness, cruelty, and unethical behaviors of the death penalty should be taken under major consideration.

Community Service Essay

Community service is very important because it helps build character, which is something that the Dalton School and the Detroit News would agree with me on. Having community service as a requirement to graduate is a good idea as long as the student can choose what type of community service they want to do; because it forces students to go out in their community and help others. Community Service doesn’t have to have a negative effect on people, it can and usually has a good effect. Willie Grothman and Tim Phang are two high school students who started a community service club that helped a lot of people in their community. Community service can be extremely valuable in the development of both character, academics and it gives students a chance to give back to their community. Community service builds character because after accomplishing something, it gives people a feel of satisfaction and accomplishment that makes students feel good about themselves. The Dalton School believes when an individual goes out in the world and interacts with other people in the spirit of bettering, that individual makes a contribution and will feel a sense of accomplishment. But on the other hand, some people argue that it is wrong to force students into doing community service. Arthur Stukas, Mark Snyder, and E. Gil Clary said students were less affected even if they had a choice of community service. These scientists also say that researchers have found that students who initially did not want to volunteer found that they actually enjoyed helping others if requirements were applied gently and with their input and involvement in the process. In my opinion that is what we want to happen when students are involved in community service. From graph two that Mark Hugo presents is that community service has a high rating from the students who are educationally successful which shows that community service can have a positive affect on people. In the Detroit News, they talked about a thirteen year-old boy named John Prueter and the type of community service he did and the positive affect it had on him. He volunteered at the Alterra Sterling House, an assisted living home in Hampton Township. From this experience from John, he now wants to study nursing and he said he became interested in the field because of his volunteer work. This shows the positive result of community service because it can also lead you into the career path you would have never known you liked until you volunteered. Putting time into your community is a way of â€Å"giving back†. The Dalton School says the moral center of a community, that place where we can find the values of empathy, compassion, and caring, is the basis for civic responsibility and the success of that community. In the Washington Post by Tara Bahrampour, she writes about two high school students, Willie Grothman and Tim Phang of Washington- Lee High School experienced the succ ess of community service. They formed a community service club called the Willie Grothman Club and they held things like walking for AIDS, for the homeless and for breast cancer in an event in which they took turns walking relays all night around a track in the rain. For these events they collect pledges of money from friends and family members for each mile they walked or each bowling pin they knocked down. These guys were some of the most inspiring people because they were not just helping their community, but the people in their community who were homeless, had AIDS, etc. Not only did this club change the members’ lives, but also it changed the lives of others around them, and the people they were helping. Community service does not have to be a negative because it can always turn into a positive. In the Dalton School, the Washington Post, the Detroit News, and Arthur Stukas, Mark Snyder, E. Gil Clary, and Mark Hugo, they all helped me determine that community service should be a requirement to graduate because it can change peoples lives for the better. Thank you for reading my essay but I have another question, which introduction sounds better, the one above or this one: Community service is very important because it helps build character. Having community service as a requirement to graduate is a good idea because it forces students to go out in their community and help others. Community Service doesn’t have to have a negative effect on students, it can have a good effect or no effect at all. Willie Grothman and Tim Phang – two high school students who started a community service club that helped a lot of people in their community-, The Dalton School, and The Detroit News- who did a story on John Prueter- would agree that community service is important. Community service can be extremely valuable in the development of both character, academics and it gives students a chance to give back to their community.

Writing Press Releases

Writing Press Releases Writing Press Releases Writing Press Releases By Sharon Writing press releases is big business for freelance writers and it’s easy to learn the basic skills. Press releases inform people about the products and services that individuals and companies wish to promote. Their purpose is to make the news and they’re easy to write if you learn the basic techniques. The two key elements to consider are structure and content. Structure The structure of a press release is identical to that of a news story. It follows the inverted pyramid, leading with the most important information and ending with the least important information. The lead of your press release contains the six W’s – who, what, where, why, when and how. These six elements form the basis of your story. The rest of the press release expands on these by providing background information and quotes. Press releases are short and usually fit on one page. The top of the press release usually contains either the words â€Å"For immediate release† or an embargo date that tells editors when it’s okay to publish the news in the release. The end of the release usually includes contact details so people can get more information if they need it. Content So what do you put in a press release? The key to writing a good press release is to emphasize the people aspect of your story. News is about people and that’s what other people are interested in. Another important aspect is the what’s in it for me factor. When writing a press release, emphasize how people will benefit from the product or service being promoted. These tips will get you started with press release writing. A useful and detailed example can be found here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?Story Writing 101Educational vs. Educative